Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria ; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 ) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876 , she adopted the additional title of Empress of India . Known as the Victorian era , her reign of 63 years and seven months was longer than that of any of her predecessors . It was a period of industrial , cultural , political , scientific , and military change within the United Kingdom , and was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire .
Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward , Duke of Kent and Strathearn ( he fourth son of King George III ) , and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld . After both the Duke and his father died in 1820, she was raised under close supervision by her mother and her comptroller , John Conroy . She inherited the throne aged 18 after her father’s three elder brothers died without surviving legitimate issue . The United Kingdom was an established constitutional monarchy in which the sovereign held to influence government policy and ministerial appointments ; publicly , she became a national icon who was identified with strict standards of personal morality.
Victoria married her cousin Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in 1840. Their children married into royal and noble families across the continent , earning Victoria the sobriquet ”the grandmother of Europe” and spreading haemophilia in European royalty . After Albert’s death in 1861 , Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances. As a result of her seclusion , republicanism in the United Kingdom temporarily gained streng0th , but in the latter half of her reign , her popularity recovered . her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration . She died on the Isle of Wight in 1901. The last British monarch of the House of Hanover , she was succeeded by her son Edward VII of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Goth .
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