ALBERT EINSTEIN

SCIENTIST (PHYSICIST)

Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist alongside quantum mechanics . His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science . He is best known to the general public for his mass energy equivalence formula , which has been dubbed “the world’s most famous equation ” . He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics “for his services to theoretical physics and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect ” , a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory .

Einstein moved to Switzerland in 1895 and and renounced his German citizenship in 1896 . After stateless for more than five years , he acquired Swiss citizenship in 1901, which he kept for the rest of his life . Except for one one year in Prague , he lived in Switzeland between 1895 and 1914.

He received his academic diploma from the Swiss federal polytechnic school in Zurich in 1900 . Between 1902 and 1909 he was employed in Bern as a patent examiner at the Federal Office for Intellectual Property , the patent office . In 1905, called his annus mirabilis (miracle year ) , he published four groundbreaking papers , which attracted the attention of the acadmic world . That year , at the age of 26, he was awarded a Ph.D. by the university of Zurich.

He taught theoretical physics for one year (1908/09) at the University of Bern , for two years (1909-11) at the University of Zurich, and after one year at the Charles University in Prague he returned to his alma mater ETH Zurich between 1912 and 1914 , before he left for Berlin , where he was elected to the Prussian Academy of Sciences .

In 1933, while Einstein was visiting the United States , Adolf Hitler came to power . Because of his Jewish background , Einstein did not return to Germany. he settled in the United States and became an American citizen in 1940 . On the eve ofcWorld War II , he endorsed a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt altering FDR to the potential development of “extremely powerful powerful bombs of a new type ” and recommending that the US begin similar research . The eventually led to the Manhattan Project . Einstein supported the Allies , but he generally denounced the idea of using nuclear fission aws a weapon . Ne signed the Russell-Einstein Manifesto with British philosopher Bertrand Russell , which highlighted the danger of nucler weapons . He was affilliated with the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton , New Jersey , until his death in 1955.

He published more than 300 scientific papers and more than 150 non-scientific works. His intellectual achievements and originality have made the word “Einstein” synonymous with “genius” . Eugene Wigner compared him to his contemporaries, writing that “Einstein’s understanding was deeper even than Jncsi von Neumann’s. His mind was both more penetrating and more original”.

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